Understanding Early Signs of Skin Cancer: Spot the Warning Signs

Understanding Early Signs of Skin Cancers

Skin cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in Australia, with over two-thirds of Australians expected to be diagnosed during their lifetime. Recognising early signs is crucial, as early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes and reduces the need for invasive procedures.

By regularly monitoring your skin and being aware of any changes, you can detect potential issues early. This proactive approach allows for timely medical consultation and intervention, enhancing the likelihood of successful treatment. 

Why It’s Important to Recognise Early Signs of Skin Cancer

Early detection of skin cancer, particularly melanoma, can dramatically improve survival rates and reduce the severity of treatment required. In Australia, where skin cancer rates are among the highest globally, staying vigilant is essential.

Recognising changes in your skin and seeking prompt medical advice can lead to earlier diagnosis and more effective treatment options, ultimately saving lives and reducing long-term health impacts

Common Early Signs of Skin Cancer

Symptoms to Watch For

Early detection of skin cancer significantly improves treatment outcomes. Common early signs include:

• New Moles or Spots: Appearance of new growths on the skin.
  
  

• Changes in Existing Moles: Alterations in size, shape, or colour.
  
  

• Persistent Sores: Sores that do not heal or bleed easily.
  
  

• Itchy or Tender Areas: Skin that becomes itchy, tender, or painful.
  
  

• Bleeding or Oozing: Moles or spots that bleed or ooze.

When Changes Are a Concern

Changes in existing moles or spots can indicate skin cancer. Key warning signs include:

• Size: Growth larger than 6mm in diameter, or rapid growth.
  
  

• Shape: Irregular or asymmetrical borders.
  
  

• Colour: Multiple colours or uneven distribution.
  
  

• Texture: Surface that is raised, scaly, or ulcerated.

Common Areas for Skin Cancer to Develop

Skin cancer can develop anywhere on the body, but common areas include:

• Scalp: Often overlooked, especially in individuals with thinning hair.
  
  

• Back: Particularly in men, where moles may be harder to detect.
  
  

• Face: Including ears, eyelids, and lips.
  
  

• Hands and Arms: Frequently exposed to the sun.
  
  

• Soles of the Feet and Under Nails: Areas less commonly examined.

   

Risk Factors

Several factors increase the risk of developing skin cancer:

• Prolonged UV Exposure: Cumulative sun exposure over time.
  
  

• Fair Skin: Individuals with fair skin, light eyes, and red or blonde hair.
  
  

• Family History: A family history of skin cancer.
  
  

• High Number of Moles: Having many moles, especially atypical ones.
  
  

• Previous Skin Cancer: A history of skin cancer increases the risk of developing another.
  
  

• Immunocompromise: A weakened immune system.
  
  

To minimise these risks:

• Sun Protection: Use sunscreen, wear protective clothing, and seek shade.
  
  

• Avoid Tanning Beds: Refrain from using tanning beds.
  
  

• Regular Skin Checks: Perform regular self-examinations and consult a healthcare professional for routine skin checks.

Types of Skin Cancer and Their Symptoms

Melanoma

Melanoma is a serious form of skin cancer that can develop anywhere on the skin. Early detection is crucial, as it can spread to other parts of the body if not treated promptly. The ABCDE rule is a helpful guide for identifying potential melanomas:

• Asymmetry: One half of the mole doesn't match the other.
  
  

• Border irregularity: Edges are ragged or blurred.
  
  

• Color variation: Different shades of brown, black, or other colors.
  
  

• Diameter: Greater than 6mm (about the size of a pencil eraser).
  
  

• Evolving: Changes in size, shape, or color over time.

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)

The most common type of skin cancer. It often appears as:

• A pearly or waxy bump, often with visible blood vessels.
  
  

• A flat, flesh-colored or brown scar-like lesion.
  
  

• Sores that heal and then return.
  
  

BCC typically occurs on sun-exposed areas like the face, ears, neck, scalp, shoulders, and back. While it rarely spreads to other parts of the body, it can cause significant local damage if left untreated. 

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) 

The second most common type of skin cancer. Symptoms include:

• A firm, red nodule.
  
  

• A flat lesion with a scaly, crusted surface.
  
  

• Sores that bleed and do not heal.
  
  

SCC can develop on sun-exposed areas, such as the rim of the ear, face, lips, and mouth. It can also occur in scars or skin ulcers. While SCC is more aggressive than BCC, it is highly treatable when detected early.

How to Monitor Your Skin for Early Changes

Step-by-Step Self-Check Guide 

Monitoring your skin regularly can help detect changes early. Follow these steps:

1. Start in a Well-Lit Room: Use bright, natural light if possible.
   
   

2. Full-Body Scan: Examine your entire body, front and back, including the scalp, ears, and soles of your feet.
   
   

3. Use Mirrors: A full-length mirror plus a handheld mirror helps check hard-to-see areas like your back and shoulders.
   
   

4. Check Symmetry and Shape: Look for new moles, growths, or changes in existing spots. Pay attention to irregular edges, color changes, or uneven surfaces.
   
   

5. Enlist Help: Ask a partner or friend to check areas you can’t see.
   
   

6. Note Any Changes: Focus on the ABCDEs—Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter over 6mm, and Evolving shape or size.
   
   

7. Frequency: Perform a self-check at least once a month.

    

Tools for Tracking Changes

Keep a record of your skin spots to notice subtle changes:

• Smartphones: Take clear, dated photos of moles and lesions.
  
  

• Journals or Apps: Note location, size, and color changes over time.
  
  

• Reminders: Set monthly alerts to maintain consistency.

Visual Examples of Early Signs

When to Seek Professional Advice 

Certain skin changes should never be ignored. Seek professional evaluation if you notice a mole or spot that:

• Grows rapidly or changes shape, colour, or size.
  
  

• Develops irregular borders or multiple colours.
  
  

• Bleeds, itches, or forms a scab that doesn’t heal.
  
  

• Appears as a new, unusual lesion.
  
  

Early consultation with a skin GP can lead to quicker diagnosis and less invasive treatment. Detecting skin cancer in its initial stages often means simpler procedures, lower risk of complications, and a higher chance of full recovery. 

Don’t wait for symptoms to worsen, timely professional advice is key to protecting your health.

If You Notice a Suspicious Spot

If you spot any unusual or changing lesion, take these steps:

1. Document it – take clear photos to track changes over time.
   
   

2. Book an appointment with a skin doctor – early evaluation increases the likelihood of effective treatment.
   
   

3. Avoid delay – even minor changes can develop into more serious conditions if ignored.

Take Action Today: Early Detection Saves Lives

Early detection of skin cancer dramatically improves outcomes. If you notice any suspicious spots or changes, schedule a professional skin evaluation without delay. Regular skin checks, combined with prompt consultation when changes occur, can save lives.

Take charge of your skin health today by booking an appointment with a qualified skin GP. Find a Myhealth clinic near you and act now! Early action is your best defence against skin cancer.

FAQs About Early Signs of Skin Cancer

What are the earliest symptoms of skin cancer? 

Early symptoms can be subtle. Common warning signs include:

• A new mole or spot appearing on the skin.
  
  

• Changes in an existing mole’s size, shape, or colour.
  
  

• Irregular or blurred borders and multiple shades in one lesion.
  
  

• Itching, tenderness, or spontaneous bleeding.
  
  

Melanoma often follows the ABCDE rule (Asymmetry, Border, Colour, Diameter, Evolving). Basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas may appear as persistent sores, waxy bumps, or scaly patches. Regular self-checks help detect these early changes, making treatment simpler and more effective.

How do I know if a mole is dangerous?

 A mole may be suspicious if it:

• Changes quickly in size, shape, or colour.
  
  

• Has irregular or jagged borders.
  
  

• Contains multiple colours or appears very dark.
  
  

• Bleeds, crusts, or does not heal.
  
  

The ABCDE method (Asymmetry, Border, Colour, Diameter, Evolving) can guide you. While not every unusual mole is cancerous, early assessment by a skin GP ensures proper diagnosis and reduces risks.

Are all skin changes a cause for concern?

Not all changes indicate cancer, but unusual or persistent spots should never be ignored. Some harmless changes include freckles, age spots, or minor irritation. However, rapid growth, bleeding, or a sore that doesn’t heal may signal a problem. Regular self-exams, combined with professional checks for unusual or evolving lesions, provide the best protection.

What should I do if I notice early signs of skin cancer?

If you notice a suspicious spot, act promptly:

1. Document the change – take photos for reference.
   
   

2. Schedule an appointment with a skin doctor – early evaluation improves outcomes.
   
   

3. Avoid delay – even minor changes can develop into serious issues if ignored.